Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Eye

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Generation of cytotoxicity with various MHC class I restrictions against autologous LCL by stimulating the lymphocytes with autologous and/or allogeneic LCLs sharing HLA alleles with the responder.

Cellular immunology·1992

Same author

HLA-B5-restricted auto-tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells generated in mixed lymphocyte-tumor-cell culture.

International journal of cancer·1992

Same author

[Urinary excretion of mineral arsenic, methylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid in workers exposed to gallium arsenide].

Journal de toxicologie clinique et experimentale·1992

Same author

A trypsin-like serine protease activity on activated human B cells and various B cell lines.

European journal of immunology·1992

Same author

Characteristic ionic composition of endolymph is maintained in cultured inner ear.

Acta oto-laryngologica·1992

Same author

MHC class-I-restricted auto-tumor-specific CD4+CD8- T-cell clones established from autologous mixed lymphocyte-tumor-cell culture (MLTC).

International journal of cancer·1992

Same journal

EXPRESS: When illusion rivals reality. Investigating error detection and the role of working memory resources in the Vanishing Ball Illusion.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026

Same journal

EXPRESS: Metaphors and the Body: Perceived Locations for the Self are Influenced by Conceptual Metaphor.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026

Same journal

EXPRESS: Age-related Differences in Recognition Memory for Discourse: The Case of Modified Words, Competitors, and Related Lures.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026

Same journal

EXPRESS: Exaggerated Self-Referencing in Body Dysmorphic Disorder.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026

Same journal

EXPRESS: Post-Error Adjustments: The role of Response Stimulus Intervals and error placement.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026

Same journal

Mitigating the Low Prevalence Effect: Role of Removing Explicit "Target-Absent" Responses in Visual Search.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Published on: March 27, 2012

Operational momentum affects eye fixation behaviour.

E Klein¹, S Huber, H C Nuerk

¹a KMRC-Knowledge Media Research Center , Neurocognition Lab , Tuebingen , Germany.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)

|April 11, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The operational momentum effect links mental addition to rightward spatial bias and subtraction to leftward bias. This study suggests these spatial-numerical associations are influenced by context rather than being innate.

Keywords:

Eye-fixation behaviour Mental number line Numerical cognition Operational momentum Spatial–numerical associations

More Related Videos

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Published on: March 25, 2011

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

Published on: April 4, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Published on: March 27, 2012

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Published on: March 25, 2011

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

Published on: April 4, 2025

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Spatial Cognition

Background:

The operational momentum (OM) effect describes a spatial bias in numerical cognition, associating addition with rightward and subtraction with leftward spatial representations.
The attentional origin and situatedness of these spatial-numerical associations remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the attentional basis of the OM effect.
To explore the role of context and situatedness in spatial-numerical associations.
To propose and test a two-process hypothesis for the OM effect.

Main Methods:

Participants performed a number line estimation task involving addition and subtraction.
Eye-fixation behavior was monitored to assess implicit spatial attention.
The orientation of the number line (left-to-right vs. right-to-left) was manipulated.

Main Results:

Biases in explicit number line estimations and implicit eye-fixation patterns supported the OM effect.
The observed effects were consistent across different number line orientations.
A two-process model, involving spatial anticipation and evaluation/correction, explained the findings.

Conclusions:

The operational momentum effect is supported by both explicit estimation and implicit eye-movement data.
Spatial-numerical associations, like the OM effect, appear to be influenced by situational factors rather than being fixed, hard-wired representations.
This research highlights the situated nature of numerical cognition.