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Post-error cognitive adjustments are influenced by trial congruency. Reduced interference after errors only occurs following congruent trials, not incongruent ones, challenging conflict monitoring theory.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Behavior

Background:

  • Conflict Monitoring Theory (CMT) posits that response conflict enhances task focus and reduces interference.
  • Errors are considered conflict, and reduced interference after errors (PERI) is a documented phenomenon.
  • Previous PERI research overlooked the impact of prior trial congruency, creating a potential confound.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the congruency of the preceding trial influences the post-error reduction of interference (PERI).
  • To re-evaluate the interpretation of PERI in light of potential confounds with congruency sequence effects.
  • To test the predictions of the adaptation-by-binding account.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of behavioral data, specifically examining interference effects following errors.
  • Differentiating post-error effects based on the congruency (congruent vs. incongruent) of the preceding trial.
  • Statistical comparison of PERI for congruent versus incongruent prior trials.

Main Results:

  • Significant PERI was observed following a congruent trial.
  • An inverse PERI (increased interference) was found following an incongruent trial.
  • These findings suggest that PERI is largely driven by the congruency sequence effect.

Conclusions:

  • The previously reported PERI may be an artifact of confounding trial congruency.
  • Reduced interference after errors is contingent on the preceding trial being congruent.
  • Findings support the adaptation-by-binding account of cognitive control.