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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
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ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
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ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
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High Speed Droplet-based Delivery System for Passive Pumping in Microfluidic Devices
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Self-powered enzyme micropumps.

Samudra Sengupta1, Debabrata Patra1, Isamar Ortiz-Rivera1

  • 11] Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA [2].

Nature Chemistry
|April 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enzyme-powered micropumps offer autonomous fluid control without external power. These self-powered pumps utilize enzymatic reactions to generate flow, enabling novel sensor-pump devices for targeted delivery applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Autonomous nano- and microscale systems require efficient, self-powered pumps with precise flow control.
  • Existing micropump technologies often rely on external power sources, limiting their autonomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop non-mechanical, self-powered micropumps utilizing surface-immobilized enzymes.
  • To demonstrate enzyme-driven fluid flow independent of external power sources like adenosine triphosphate.
  • To explore the potential of these enzyme-based pumps as integrated sensor-pump devices.

Main Methods:

  • Immobilizing four different enzymes (catalase, lipase, urease, glucose oxidase) onto surfaces.
  • Inducing fluid flow via density gradients generated by enzymatic reactions in the presence of substrates.
  • Investigating the relationship between substrate concentration, reaction rate, and pumping velocity.
  • Developing proof-of-concept devices for autonomous delivery of molecules and proteins.

Main Results:

  • Surface-immobilized enzymes function as self-powered micropumps in the presence of their substrates.
  • Enzymatic reactions generate fluid density gradients that drive flow.
  • Pumping velocity directly correlates with substrate concentration and reaction rate.
  • Enzyme-powered pumps can be triggered by specific analytes, acting as both sensors and pumps.
  • Demonstrated autonomous delivery of small molecules and proteins, including glucose-triggered insulin release.

Conclusions:

  • Enzyme-based micropumps provide a novel, self-powered solution for autonomous fluidic control at the microscale.
  • These rechargeable pumps offer precise flow regulation and analyte-triggered functionality.
  • The developed enzyme-powered devices represent a significant advancement for integrated biosensing and drug delivery systems.