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X-ray Imaging

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...

$X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples$ 01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

$Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples$

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Multi-modal hard x-ray imaging with a laboratory source using selective reflection from a mirror.

Daniele Pelliccia¹, David M Paganin¹

¹School of Physics, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.

Biomedical Optics Express

|April 25, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel multi-modal hard x-ray imaging technique using a simple laboratory setup. The method achieves absorption, refraction, phase, and scattering contrast for detailed sample analysis, including biological specimens.

Keywords:

(110.4190) Multiple imaging (120.5050) Phase measurement (120.5820) Scattering measurements (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging (340.7440) X-ray imaging (340.7470) X-ray mirrors

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Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

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Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Biomedical Imaging

Background:

Conventional X-ray imaging often lacks sensitivity to subtle material properties.
Multi-modal imaging enhances contrast by leveraging different X-ray interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a simple, laboratory-based multi-modal hard X-ray imaging technique.
To achieve simultaneous absorption, refraction, phase, and scattering contrast.

Main Methods:

Utilizing selective mirror reflection to partially redirect an X-ray beam post-sample interaction.
Employing a pencil X-ray beam for high-resolution imaging.

Main Results:

Successfully demonstrated quantitative scattering contrast from a test sample.
Achieved multi-modal imaging of a house fly (Musca domestica) as a proof of principle.
The technique is sensitive to absorption, refraction, phase, and scattering contrast.

Conclusions:

The developed method offers a versatile and accessible approach for multi-modal hard X-ray imaging.
This technique shows significant potential for analyzing both material and biological samples with enhanced detail.