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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Cycle01:29

Cardiac Cycle

13.7K
The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by alternating periods of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscles.
During the cardiac cycle, blood flow through the heart is regulated entirely by changing pressure gradients. This sequence of events begins with the heart in a state of total relaxation, known as mid-to-late diastole, during which blood passively flows from...
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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
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Location and Orientation of the Heart01:13

Location and Orientation of the Heart

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The human heart, despite its modest size and weight, is an organ of remarkable strength and endurance. Roughly the size of a fist, the heart weighs between 250 and 350 grams and is nestled within the mediastinum, the medial cavity of the thorax. It extends obliquely for about 12 to 14 cm, resting on the superior surface of the diaphragm. The heart is positioned anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum, with two-thirds of its mass lying to the left of the midsternal line.
14.1K
Special considerations while measuring pulse01:13

Special considerations while measuring pulse

1.0K
Assessing a patient's pulse is a fundamental skill in healthcare, but certain situations require special attention:
1.0K
The Cardiac Cycle01:13

The Cardiac Cycle

77.5K
The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
The Process
Electrical signals—sent from the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrial wall to the atrioventricular (AV) node between the right atrium and right ventricle—cause both atria to simultaneously contract. When the signal reaches the AV node, it pauses for approximately a tenth of a second, allowing the atria to contract and...
77.5K
Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

5.6K
The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Dissection and Observation of Honey Bee Dorsal Vessel for Studies of Cardiac Function
05:52

Dissection and Observation of Honey Bee Dorsal Vessel for Studies of Cardiac Function

Published on: December 12, 2016

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How much time has passed? Ask your heart.

Olga Pollatos1, Azamat Yeldesbay2, Arkady Pikovsky2

  • 1Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Ulm Ulm, Germany.

Frontiers in Neurorobotics
|May 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The heart

Keywords:
heart cycleinteroceptioninteroceptive sensitivitysynchronizationtime interval reproduction

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Dissection and Observation of Honey Bee Dorsal Vessel for Studies of Cardiac Function
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Internal bodily signals, including heartbeats, are processed centrally and influence cognitive functions.
  • The insular cortex's processing of bodily signals is hypothesized to play a role in time encoding.
  • The precise relationship between cardiac activity and time perception remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of cardiac rhythm on time perception.
  • To explore the synchronization between the cardiac cycle and time reproduction responses.

Main Methods:

  • A duration reproduction paradigm was employed with time intervals ranging from 0.5 to 40 seconds.
  • Phase locking measures quantified the synchronization between the cardiac cycle and task signals.
  • Interoceptive sensitivity and vagal control were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Marginally significant synchronization between heart cycle and time reproduction was found for intervals of 2, 3, 10, 14, and 25 seconds.
  • Individual participants showed varying degrees of cardiac-time reproduction synchrony, most notably at 25 seconds.
  • Better time reproduction accuracy correlated with greater vagal control, not phase locking; higher interoceptive sensitivity linked to synchronization at 2 seconds.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac cycle information is relevant for encoding and reproducing time intervals between 2 and 25 seconds.
  • Sympathovagal balance and interoceptive processes are key mediators in accurate time estimation.
  • This study provides evidence for a neurophysiological link between cardiac activity and temporal processing.