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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol for Stroke Onset Time Estimation in Permanent Cerebral Ischemia
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Iterative method for predistortion of MRI gradient waveforms.

Kevin D Harkins, Mark D Does, William A Grissom

    IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
    |May 8, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces an iterative method to correct magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gradient waveform errors, improving image quality without needing detailed system knowledge. The technique enhances 2-D ultra-short echo time (UTE) and spiral imaging performance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
    • Medical Imaging Physics
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Transient gradient waveform errors in MRI, caused by eddy currents, group delay, or amplifier nonlinearities, degrade image quality.
    • Accurate gradient waveform characterization is often complex and system-dependent.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate an iterative method for correcting transient gradient waveform errors in MRI.
    • To improve image quality in 2-D ultra-short echo time (UTE) and spiral imaging sequences.

    Main Methods:

    • An iterative approach was employed to minimize the difference between desired and actual gradient waveforms.
    • The method's success is independent of precise knowledge of the gradient system's impulse response.
    • Applied to half-pulse excitation in 2-D UTE imaging (small animal MRI) and spiral 2-D excitation (human 7T MRI).

    Main Results:

    • Predistorted gradient waveforms successfully reduced temporal signal variations in 2-D UTE imaging.
    • The method improved the quality of excitation patterns generated by spiral imaging pulses.
    • Demonstrated effectiveness across different MRI systems and imaging sequences.

    Conclusions:

    • Iterative gradient predistortion is an effective strategy for mitigating transient gradient errors in MRI.
    • This technique enhances image quality without necessitating complex gradient system characterization.
    • Offers a practical solution for improving MRI performance in various applications.