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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Nursing Implementation01:15

Nursing Implementation

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Implementation is the execution of the nursing care plan developed during the planning phase.
The five steps to implementing effective nursing care include reassessing the patient, reviewing and revising the existing nursing care plan, organizing the resources and care delivery, anticipating and preventing complications, and implementing nursing interventions.
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Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
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Managing constipation: implementing a protocol in a geriatric rehabilitation setting.

Jennifer Klein, Sandra Holowaty

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    Summary
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    Implementing a constipation management protocol (CMP) in geriatric rehabilitation did not lower overall constipation rates but reduced instances per patient. The protocol improved nursing staff diligence and bowel care documentation for older adults.

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    Area of Science:

    • Geriatric Rehabilitation
    • Nursing Care
    • Gastroenterology

    Background:

    • Constipation is a common issue in geriatric rehabilitation.
    • Effective constipation management protocols are crucial for patient outcomes.
    • Current literature lacks comprehensive analysis of protocol implementation in this setting.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the impact of a constipation management protocol (CMP) in geriatric rehabilitation.
    • To assess changes in constipation rates, laxative use, and opiate use.
    • To explore nursing staff experiences with the implemented CMP.

    Main Methods:

    • Convergent mixed-methods research design.
    • Quantitative analysis of health records (bowel activity, medication use, documentation) for 305 geriatric rehabilitation patients (pre- and post-protocol).
    • Qualitative data from focus groups with nursing staff.

    Main Results:

    • The CMP did not significantly reduce overall constipation rates.
    • A reduction in the average number of constipation incidences per patient was observed.
    • Enhanced nursing staff diligence in monitoring bowel patterns and improved documentation of bowel care.

    Conclusions:

    • While not reducing overall incidence, the CMP improved management efficiency and staff accountability.
    • The protocol has practical implications for enhancing bowel care in geriatric settings.
    • Further research can build upon these findings to optimize constipation management strategies.