An atlas of two-dimensional materials

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Condensed Matter Physics
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Recent advances in exfoliation techniques enable the creation of single-layered sheets from 3D materials.
• Two-dimensional (2D) materials encompass diverse compositions with a wide range of electronic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To categorize 2D materials based on structure, composition, and electronic properties.
• To present an exhaustive data collection on the diversity of electronic properties, including band gaps and electron mobilities.
• To discuss modern computational approaches for 2D materials, their applications, peculiarities, and pitfalls.

Main Methods:

• Categorization of 2D materials into distinct families.
• Data collection and analysis of electronic properties (band gaps, electron mobilities).
• Review of computational approaches for 2D materials.

Main Results:

• Identification of diverse 2D material categories: atomically thin materials, rare earth, semimetals, transition metal chalcogenides and halides, and synthetic organic 2D materials.
• Demonstration of a wide spectrum of electronic properties, including metals, semimetals, insulators, and semiconductors with varying band gaps.
• Highlighting the potential of 2D materials in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and flexible devices.

Conclusions:

• 2D materials possess a rich variety of electronic properties, enabling their fundamental role in future nanoelectronics and optoelectronics.
• The categorization and data presented provide a comprehensive overview for understanding and utilizing these advanced materials.
• Computational methods are crucial for exploring the applications and challenges associated with 2D materials.