Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

3.3K
A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to...
3.3K
Emission Spectra02:39

Emission Spectra

65.1K
When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
65.1K
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

1.1K
Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which...
1.1K
Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

4.1K
Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels. Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
4.1K
Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

3.1K
Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
3.1K
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

3.0K
In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evidence for the Collective Nature of Radial Flow in Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Evidence for the Dimuon Decay of the Higgs Boson in pp Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Stopping Cross Sections for Protons Across Different Phases of Water.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Evidence for Longitudinally Polarized W Bosons in the Electroweak Production of Same-Sign W Boson Pairs in Association with Two Jets in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Observation of tt[over ¯] Production in Pb+Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Search for Dark Matter Produced in Association with a Dark Higgs Boson in the bb[over ¯] Final State Using pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2025
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
10:40

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Published on: June 28, 2016

7.0K

Oxygen self-diffusion in HfO2 studied by electron spectroscopy.

M Vos1, P L Grande2, D K Venkatachalam3

  • 1Atomic and Molecular Physics Laboratories, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.

Physical Review Letters
|May 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates a new method for measuring oxygen self-diffusion in hafnium dioxide (HfO2) by tracking oxygen isotopes. The technique utilizes backscattered electron energy to differentiate isotopes and quantify diffusion processes.

More Related Videos

Luminescence Lifetime Imaging of O2 with a Frequency-Domain-Based Camera System
08:35

Luminescence Lifetime Imaging of O2 with a Frequency-Domain-Based Camera System

Published on: December 16, 2019

10.3K
Synthesis and Calibration of Phosphorescent Nanoprobes for Oxygen Imaging in Biological Systems
10:38

Synthesis and Calibration of Phosphorescent Nanoprobes for Oxygen Imaging in Biological Systems

Published on: March 3, 2010

13.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 29, 2026

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
10:40

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Published on: June 28, 2016

7.0K
Luminescence Lifetime Imaging of O2 with a Frequency-Domain-Based Camera System
08:35

Luminescence Lifetime Imaging of O2 with a Frequency-Domain-Based Camera System

Published on: December 16, 2019

10.3K
Synthesis and Calibration of Phosphorescent Nanoprobes for Oxygen Imaging in Biological Systems
10:38

Synthesis and Calibration of Phosphorescent Nanoprobes for Oxygen Imaging in Biological Systems

Published on: March 3, 2010

13.3K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Oxygen self-diffusion is crucial for understanding the properties and performance of hafnium dioxide (HfO2) thin films.
  • Accurate measurement of diffusion in thin films is challenging, requiring high-resolution techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel method for measuring oxygen self-diffusion in HfO2 using isotope tracing.
  • To investigate the temperature-dependent behavior of oxygen diffusion in HfO2 thin films.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-resolution electron energy spectroscopy to measure elastically scattered electrons.
  • Employed bilayers of Hf(16)O2 and Hf(18)O2 to track oxygen isotope diffusion.
  • Analyzed changes in the elastic peak signal from oxygen isotopes before and after annealing.

Main Results:

  • Successfully distinguished between (18)O and (16)O isotopes based on backscattered electron energy.
  • Observed oxygen interdiffusion in HfO2 bilayers after annealing.
  • Determined an activation energy of 1 eV for oxygen diffusion at high temperatures.
  • Noted a decrease in interdiffusion with increasing annealing time at lower temperatures, suggesting defect dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The backscattered electron energy measurement technique is effective for quantifying oxygen self-diffusion in HfO2.
  • Oxygen diffusion in HfO2 is influenced by temperature and the presence of defects.
  • Initial defects present in the HfO2 layers enhance diffusivity but diminish over time during annealing.