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Age-dependent decline in β-cell function assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test-based disposition index
Hisako Komada1, Kazuhiko Sakaguchi1, Kazuo Takeda2
1The Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine.
Journal of Diabetes Investigation
|May 21, 2014
Summary
Beta-cell function, measured by the oral disposition index, naturally declines with age starting in early adulthood. This sensitive measure indicates a progressive decrease in pancreatic beta-cell function over time.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Health
- Aging Research
Background:
- Pancreatic beta-cell function is crucial for glucose homeostasis.
- Age-related changes in beta-cell function are not fully understood.
- Assessing beta-cell function with oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) is common.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate age-dependent changes in beta-cell function.
- To assess the utility of an OGTT-based oral disposition index.
- To determine if beta-cell function declines with age in normoglycemic adults.
Main Methods:
- 110 Japanese normoglycemic subjects (22-59 years) were grouped by decade.
- Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed.
- The oral disposition index was calculated using the Matsuda index and insulin/glucose area under the curve (AUCins/gluc120).
Main Results:
- Insulin secretion indices (AUCins/gluc120, insulinogenic index) did not differ between age groups.
- The oral disposition index showed significant differences among age groups.
- A significant decline in the oral disposition index was observed with increasing age.
Conclusions:
- The oral disposition index is a sensitive indicator of age-related beta-cell dysfunction.
- Beta-cell function naturally declines progressively from early adulthood.
- This decline in beta-cell function may have implications for metabolic health over the lifespan.