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Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor. 
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Related Experiment Video

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Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
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Association between resting-state functional connectivity and empathizing/systemizing.

Hikaru Takeuchi1, Yasuyuki Taki2, Rui Nouchi3

  • 1Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.

Neuroimage
|May 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Empathizing, the ability to understand others' mental states, is linked to the default mode network (DMN). Systemizing, analyzing systems, shows sex-specific links to the external attention system (EAS).

Keywords:
Default mode networkEmpathizingExternal attention systemFunctional connectivityResting-stateSystemizing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Neuroscience

Background:

  • Empathizing and systemizing are distinct cognitive drives.
  • Previous research linked the default mode network (DMN) to empathizing and the external attention system (EAS) to systemizing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and individual differences in empathizing and systemizing.
  • To explore the neural correlates of these cognitive traits in healthy adults.

Main Methods:

  • Examined RSFC in 248 healthy young adults using seed regions in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFCs).
  • Correlated individual empathizing and systemizing scores with RSFC patterns across the brain.

Main Results:

  • Higher empathizing scores correlated with increased RSFC between the mPFC and regions including the dACC, precuneus, and left STS.
  • An interaction between sex and systemizing was observed: males showed positive correlation between left DLPFC-dACC RSFC and systemizing, while females showed a negative correlation.

Conclusions:

  • Empathizing is associated with enhanced functional coupling within the DMN and with areas involved in processing others' emotions.
  • Systemizing shows sex-specific associations with functional connectivity within the EAS, particularly in males.