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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Action Potentials01:41

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Overview
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Long-term Potentiation01:35

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
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Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

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The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
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Action Potential01:14

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Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
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Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Published on: September 20, 2024

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Plasticity of the axonal trigger zone.

Ryota Adachi1, Rei Yamada1, Hiroshi Kuba2

  • 1Department of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.

The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry
|May 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The axon initial segment (AIS) structurally adapts to neuronal activity, adjusting action potential thresholds. This plasticity is a homeostatic mechanism crucial for maintaining brain function and understanding neurological diseases.

Keywords:
action potentialaxon initial segmentplasticitypotassium channelsodium channel

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • The axon initial segment (AIS) is critical for action potential generation.
  • AIS structure is cell-specific and influences neuronal signal processing.
  • Neuronal activity is vital for neural circuit development and brain disease pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural plasticity of the axon initial segment (AIS).
  • To understand how AIS structural changes contribute to neuronal homeostatic mechanisms.
  • To explore the role of AIS plasticity in brain physiology and pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of AIS structural properties (length, position).
  • Monitoring changes in AIS structure in response to prolonged alterations in neuronal activity.
  • Investigating the impact of AIS plasticity on action potential threshold and neuronal activity compensation.

Main Results:

  • AIS structural properties are cell-specific and dynamically regulated.
  • AIS structure varies with neuronal activity levels.
  • AIS plasticity readjusts action potential threshold, acting as a homeostatic mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • AIS structural plasticity is a key homeostatic mechanism in neurons.
  • This plasticity helps maintain stable neuronal activity despite external changes.
  • Understanding AIS plasticity is essential for comprehending brain function and disease.