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Related Concept Videos

Energy Budgets00:51

Energy Budgets

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Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species, like annual plants, have only one reproductive episode in their lifetimes and consequently have short lifespans. Iteroparous species, by contrast, have many reproductive events during their lifetimes but have relatively few offspring. These two...
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What is Homeostasis?01:16

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Maintaining homeostasis requires that the body continuously maintain its internal conditions. Each physiological condition has a particular set point, from body temperature to blood pressure to levels of certain nutrients. A set point is the physiological value around which the normal range fluctuates. A normal range is a restricted set of values that is optimally healthful and stable. For example, the set point for normal human body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F).
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What is Energy?04:10

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The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.  The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun — the ultimate energy source. Plants capture light energy from the Sun, and, via the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or coal (fossilized...
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Free Energy and Equilibrium00:55

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The free energy change for a process may be viewed as a measure of its driving force. A negative value for ΔG represents a driving force for the process in the forward direction, while a positive value represents a driving force for the process in the reverse direction. When ΔG is zero, the forward and reverse driving forces are equal, and the process occurs in both directions at the same rate (the system is at equilibrium).
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Free Energy and Equilibrium02:56

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The free energy change for a process may be viewed as a measure of its driving force. A negative value for ΔG represents a driving force for the process in the forward direction, while a positive value represents a driving force for the process in the reverse direction. When ΔGrxn is zero, the forward and reverse driving forces are equal, and the process occurs in both directions at the same rate (the system is at equilibrium).
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Energy Conservation and Bernoulli's Equation01:16

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Applying the conservation of energy principle or the work-energy theorem to an incompressible, inviscid fluid in laminar, steady, irrotational flow leads to Bernoulli's equation. It states that the sum of the fluid pressure, potential, and kinetic energy per unit volume is constant along a streamline.
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Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise
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Guest editor's introduction: Energy homeostasis in context.

Jill E Schneider1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States.

Hormones and Behavior
|May 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Energy balance is regulated by neuroendocrine and metabolic controls, but traditional studies overlook evolutionary context and other motivations. This special issue examines energy homeostasis across diverse species and physiological processes for a more holistic understanding.

Keywords:
AdiposityBody weightEnergy expenditureFood intakeHibernationIngestive behaviorMigrationReproductionSex behaviorSex differences

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Endocrinology
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Energy homeostasis is traditionally studied in isolation, ignoring other motivations like reproduction and competition.
  • Existing research often relies on limited species and artificial laboratory conditions, contributing to a lack of understanding of obesity.
  • Evolutionary pressures likely shaped ingestive behavior in environments with fluctuating resources, not constant availability.

Discussion:

  • This special issue integrates energy balance with diverse physiological processes and motivations, including sexual behavior, development, and seasonality.
  • It examines energy homeostasis across various species and vertebrate classes, reflecting a broader evolutionary and ecological perspective.
  • The articles consider how selection pressures simultaneously influenced energy intake, storage, and expenditure.

Key Insights:

  • Rethinking energy homeostasis requires considering its interplay with other biological drives and environmental factors.
  • Studying diverse species and contexts reveals novel insights into the neuroendocrine mechanisms of energy balance.
  • The evolutionary perspective challenges traditional assumptions about appetite and energy regulation.

Outlook:

  • Future research should continue to explore the integrated nature of energy homeostasis.
  • Understanding energy balance in an evolutionary context is crucial for addressing metabolic disorders.
  • Cross-species comparisons offer valuable insights into conserved and divergent mechanisms of energy regulation.