Bioactive glasses with improved processing. Part 1. Thermal properties, ion release and apatite formation

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Materials Chemistry
• Bioceramics

Background:

• Bioactive glasses, like Bioglass® 45S5, are clinically used for bone regeneration.
• Heat treatment causes crystallization, limiting applications of traditional bioactive glasses.
• Modifications to improve processing often reduce bioactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To enhance the processability of 45S5 bioactive glass.
• To maintain network connectivity and phosphate content during processing improvements.
• To develop bioactive glasses with a wider processing window without compromising bioactivity.

Main Methods:

• Investigated increasing the calcium:alkali cation ratio.
• Partially substituted potassium for sodium to utilize the mixed alkali effect.
• Incorporated small amounts of fluoride into the glass composition.

Main Results:

• Achieved bioactive glasses with an expanded processing window.
• Demonstrated improved ease of processing, enabling scaffold sintering and fiber drawing.
• Confirmed ready degradation and rapid apatite formation in aqueous solutions.

Conclusions:

• Modified bioactive glasses offer improved processability and maintain essential bioactivity.
• These advancements facilitate easier fabrication for bone regeneration applications.
• The new formulations balance processing ease with crucial biological performance.