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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation
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Menopausal cardiomyopathy: does it really exist? A case-control deformation imaging study.

Raziye Keskin Kurt1, Alper B Nacar, Ayşe Güler

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mustafa Kemal University Medical School, Hatay, Turkey.

The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research
|June 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Menopause may negatively impact heart health. Healthy postmenopausal women showed reduced left ventricular (LV) longitudinal strain and early diastolic strain rate compared to premenopausal women, indicating potential early cardiac changes.

Keywords:
2-D strain imagingleft ventricular functionmenopause

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Echocardiography

Background:

  • Menopause is associated with hormonal changes that can affect cardiovascular health.
  • Assessing subclinical changes in cardiac function is crucial for understanding long-term cardiovascular risk.
  • Conventional echocardiography may not detect early functional alterations in the heart.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare left ventricular (LV) function between healthy pre- and postmenopausal women using advanced echocardiographic techniques.
  • To evaluate the impact of menopause on myocardial mechanics, specifically LV strain and strain rate.
  • To investigate the relationship between menopausal status, LV function, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels.

Main Methods:

  • Speckle tracking echocardiography was used to measure LV strain and strain rate in 40 premenopausal and 40 postmenopausal women (aged 45-50).
  • Participants were healthy, with no cardiovascular risk factors and not on hormone replacement therapy.
  • Conventional echocardiographic parameters were also assessed for comparison.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were observed in conventional echocardiographic parameters between the groups.
  • Postmenopausal women exhibited significantly lower LV longitudinal strain and LV early diastolic strain rate compared to premenopausal women.
  • A significant negative correlation was found between LV global strain and serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels (r = -0.349, P = 0.002).

Conclusions:

  • Healthy postmenopausal women demonstrate reduced LV longitudinal strain, detectable by speckle tracking echocardiography, compared to age-matched premenopausal women.
  • Menopause, even in the absence of traditional risk factors, may be associated with subtle impairments in LV myocardial function.
  • These findings highlight the potential utility of advanced echocardiography in detecting early cardiac changes related to menopause.