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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

12.4K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects

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Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
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Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Overview
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COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the...
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages
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Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages

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Outer membrane vesicles alter inflammation and coagulation mediators.

Michael C Soult1, Yuliya Dobrydneva2, Kamal H Wahab2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|June 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from bacteria promote inflammation and platelet activation, contributing to the hypercoagulable state in sepsis. This study shows OMVs induce endothelial cell changes that facilitate blood clot formation.

Keywords:
CoagulationEndotheliumMonocyte–platelet aggregationOuter membrane vesiclesSepsisThrombomodulinTissue factor

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Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages
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Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
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Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

Published on: September 15, 2017

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are implicated in initiating the inflammatory response during sepsis.
  • The role of OMVs in sepsis-associated hypercoagulability remains unexplored.
  • Sepsis is characterized by both inflammation and a hypercoagulable state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the capacity of OMVs to induce endothelial mediators of coagulation and inflammation.
  • To determine if OMVs can directly induce platelet activation.

Main Methods:

  • Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with OMVs.
  • Expression of tissue factor (TF), thrombomodulin, P-selectin, and E-selectin on HUVECs was analyzed.
  • Supernatants from OMV-treated HUVECs were used to assess monocyte-platelet aggregate (MPA) formation in whole blood.

Main Results:

  • OMVs significantly increased TF, E-selectin, and P-selectin expression on HUVECs.
  • Thrombomodulin expression on HUVECs was significantly decreased by OMVs.
  • OMV-induced endothelial activation led to increased MPAs, indicating platelet activation.

Conclusions:

  • OMVs play a complex role in endothelial activation, influencing both inflammation and coagulation.
  • While lipopolysaccharide on OMVs affects inflammatory markers like E-selectin, its impact on coagulation mediators is minimal.
  • Endothelial activation by OMVs promotes platelet aggregation, potentially contributing to sepsis-induced hypercoagulability.