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Related Concept Videos

Light Acquisition02:16

Light Acquisition

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In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Dynamic Lung Tumor Tracking for Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiation Therapy
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Determining leaf trajectories for dynamic multileaf collimators with consideration of marker visibility: an algorithm

Bo Zhao1, Jianrong Dai2

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.

Journal of Radiation Research
|June 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A new Delta algorithm enhances marker visibility in Dynamic Multileaf Collimator-Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (DMLC-IMRT). This method improves fiducial marker tracking during radiation delivery without extending treatment time.

Keywords:
DMLC–IMRTalgorithmleaf trajectorymarker visibilitysliding window

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Image Guidance

Background:

  • Accurate tracking of fiducial markers is crucial for effective Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT).
  • Dynamic Multileaf Collimator (DMLC)-IMRT requires optimized leaf-setting algorithms to ensure marker visibility during treatment delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel leaf-setting algorithm, the Delta algorithm, designed to maximize fiducial marker visibility in DMLC-IMRT.
  • To improve the tracking effectiveness of fiducial markers without increasing overall beam delivery time.

Main Methods:

  • The Delta algorithm was developed, adjusting initial leaf trajectories generated by a standard algorithm using analytical computations and matrix calculations.
  • Performance was assessed using six artificial test fields and 15 clinical IMRT fields from prostate cancer patients.

Main Results:

  • The Delta algorithm maintained constant total delivered intensities (TDIs) and beam delivery time.
  • Marker visibility time significantly increased across various field sizes in artificial tests.
  • Clinical fields showed notable improvements in marker visibility, with some increasing by over 50%.

Conclusions:

  • The Delta algorithm effectively maximizes marker visibility in DMLC-IMRT without compromising treatment time.
  • This algorithm provides a foundational approach for future advancements in 4D DMLC tracking radiotherapy.