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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

277
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
277
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
7.2K
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

206
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
206
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

261
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
261
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

1.6K
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

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Anaphylaxis.

Johannes Ring1, Martine Grosber, Knut Brockow

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Christine Kuehne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

Chemical Immunology and Allergy
|June 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction, was discovered when dogs died after toxin injections. Understanding its pathophysiology evolved, leading to current definitions distinguishing allergic and non-immune forms.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Allergy Research

Background:

  • The term "anaphylaxis" was introduced by Richet and Portier following experiments with actinia extracts.
  • Early observations noted harmful immune responses, challenging the prevailing view of immunization solely for protection.

Observation:

  • Richet's Nobel Prize-winning work highlighted that immunization could induce harmful, not just protective, effects.
  • Dale and Laidlaw's research demonstrated histamine's role in inducing symptoms similar to anaphylaxis.

Findings:

  • Historically, immune-independent reactions were termed "anaphylactoid" or "pseudo-allergic".
  • The World Allergy Organization (WAO) redefined anaphylaxis based on clinical symptoms, differentiating between allergic and non-immune mechanisms.

Implications:

  • This evolution in understanding has refined diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis.
  • Epinephrine (Adrenalin) is established as the primary treatment for anaphylaxis.