Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ethical Issues01:27

Ethical Issues

2.3K
Nurses are essential in patient care, upholding the ethical principles of their profession and effectively navigating ethical dilemmas. Neglecting ethical issues can lead to inadequate patient care, compromised therapeutic relationships, and moral distress among healthcare workers.
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
2.3K
Ethical Dilemmas I01:17

Ethical Dilemmas I

2.1K
Ethical dilemmas in nursing are of utmost importance, as they often arise from the tension between adhering to core ethical principles and the practical realities of healthcare delivery. These dilemmas require nurses to navigate complex situations where competing ethical considerations pull them in different directions.
Let us explore some examples to understand the potentially complex moral decisions nurses face.
Take the case of caring for minors, particularly in areas related to reproductive...
2.1K
Nursing Ethical Principles II01:27

Nursing Ethical Principles II

2.3K
Ethical principles are essential in guiding nurses to fulfill their responsibilities, focusing on the quality of nursing care and decision-making. These principles, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity, shape the ethical framework within healthcare settings.
Consider the following scenario, which illustrates how these principles are applied in the care of Mr. John, a fifty-year-old teacher diagnosed with metastatic liver cancer.
Initially, Mr. John's...
2.3K
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

627
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
627
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

4.7K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
4.7K
Nursing Ethical Principles I01:22

Nursing Ethical Principles I

4.7K
Ethical principles serve as the moral compass in the longstanding tradition of nursing, guiding healthcare professionals in their interactions with patients and families. These principles, namely autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity, provide a robust framework for navigating the ethical complexities of daily nursing practice.
Autonomy
Autonomy underscores the significance of a patient's self-determination and freedom from external control. In healthcare, respecting...
4.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Postmortem examination after deaths in neonatal units in England and Wales, 2017-2022: a national observational study.

Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition·2026
Same author

Equity and Respect in Maternal and Infant Healthcare-A Report From the 2025 Venice Forum.

Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)·2026
Same author

Necrotizing enterocolitis.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same author

Changes in admissions, care processes and outcomes for very and extremely preterm infants in England and Wales: an 11-year whole population study.

BMJ public health·2026
Same author

Live biotherapeutic product IBP-9414 (L. reuteri) in very low birth weight infants: the Connection Study.

Pediatric research·2026
Same author

Body composition and neonatal nutrition research.

Pediatric research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

14.4K

Ethical pitfalls in neonatal comparative effectiveness trials.

Neena Modi1

  • 1Section of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Neonatology
|June 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Randomized trials revealed that lower oxygen saturation targets for preterm infants increased mortality risk, contrary to expectations. This highlights the critical role of randomization in comparative effectiveness research to resolve clinical uncertainties and improve patient outcomes.

More Related Videos

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

90.5K
Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography
09:31

Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography

Published on: January 27, 2023

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 28, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

14.4K
Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

90.5K
Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography
09:31

Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography

Published on: January 27, 2023

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine
  • Neonatal Intensive Care
  • Comparative Effectiveness Research

Background:

  • Evidence-based medicine relies on high-quality clinical research to reduce uncertainty and ensure effective patient care.
  • Many clinical uncertainties persist regarding treatments and practices already in widespread use, particularly in neonatal medicine.
  • Randomization is the gold standard for eliminating clinician bias and confounding factors in treatment selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the optimum oxygen saturation target for preterm infants receiving oxygen therapy.
  • To compare the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity between lower (85-89%) and upper (91-95%) accepted oxygen saturation ranges.
  • To address uncertainties in neonatal care through rigorous randomized controlled trials.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted randomized controlled trials (e.g., US SUPPORT, BOOST II) involving approximately 1,300 preterm infants.
  • Investigated whether targeting the lower end of the standard-of-care oxygen saturation range reduced retinopathy of prematurity.
  • Monitored trial data through data monitoring committees to ensure patient safety.

Main Results:

  • The US SUPPORT trial found a higher incidence of retinopathy of prematurity at the upper oxygen saturation range.
  • Unexpectedly, the lower oxygen saturation range was associated with a higher risk of death in both US SUPPORT and BOOST II trials.
  • The BOOST II trials were halted early due to the confirmed increased risk of mortality in the lower saturation group.

Conclusions:

  • Randomized trials are essential for resolving clinical uncertainties, even for treatments within accepted standard-of-care.
  • Regulatory oversight must better understand and support randomization in comparative effectiveness research to avoid hindering medical advancement.
  • A paradigm shift is needed to promote public and regulator understanding of randomization as the fairest method for treatment allocation in uncertain clinical scenarios.