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Related Concept Videos

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Estimating the distance traveled by a vehicle using its recorded velocity over time is a common problem in physics and engineering. When velocity data is available at discrete time intervals, rather than as a continuous function, numerical integration methods such as the trapezoidal rule are often employed to approximate the total displacement.The trapezoidal rule works by dividing the total time interval into several equal segments. Within each segment, the recorded velocities at the endpoints...
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According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

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Training load quantification in elite swimmers using a modified version of the training impulse method.

Amador García-Ramos1, Belén Feriche, Carmen Calderón

  • 1a Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.

European Journal of Sport Science
|June 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A modified training impulse calculation (TRIMPc) better quantifies training load than the original TRIMP method, especially during high-intensity interval training. TRIMPc accounts for exercise and rest periods separately, providing a more accurate measure of internal training load.

Keywords:
Interval trainingTRIMPheart rates-RPEswimming

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Performance Analytics

Background:

  • Traditional heart rate (HR)-based training impulse (TRIMP) methods have limitations in quantifying internal training loads, particularly during high-intensity interval exercise.
  • The standard TRIMP method may underestimate training loads by averaging exercise and rest periods, failing to differentiate intensity levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the accuracy of Banister's original TRIMP method with a modified calculation procedure (TRIMPc) for quantifying training load.
  • To assess the relationship between both TRIMP methods and session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE), a subjective measure of training load.

Main Methods:

  • 17 elite swimmers completed 328 training sessions over four weeks.
  • Heart rate (HR) data were collected for full sessions and partial intervals (50m swimming and rest).
  • Training load was calculated using the original TRIMP and the modified TRIMPc, and compared with self-administered s-RPE.

Main Results:

  • Both TRIMPc and TRIMP showed strong correlations with s-RPE (r = 0.724 and 0.702, respectively; P < 0.001).
  • TRIMPc yielded approximately 9% higher training load values compared to TRIMP (117 ± 53 vs. 107 ± 47; P < 0.001).
  • The difference between TRIMPc and TRIMP increased with higher workload intensities.

Conclusions:

  • The TRIMPc method is a more accurate and appropriate procedure for quantifying internal training load than the original TRIMP.
  • TRIMPc is particularly beneficial for monitoring interval training sessions by separately weighting exercise and recovery periods based on HR-derived intensity.