Early detection of breast cancer in women

Breast self-exam, clinical breast exam and mammography are the primary screening modalities for the early detection of breast cancer. In this article, we review the epidemiology of breast cancer and methodologic considerations in screening for breast cancer. For each screening modality, we assess the evidence for its effectiveness in reducing breast cancer mortality. For each modality we also discuss the limitations, cost/benefit considerations, utilization, and published recommendations for use. This article is intended to facilitate primary care providers in decision-making regarding the early detection of breast cancer.