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Personal and appearance-based rejection sensitivity in body dysmorphic disorder.

Megan M Kelly1, Elizabeth R Didie2, Katharine A Phillips2

  • 1Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.

Body Image
|June 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) show heightened personal and appearance-based rejection sensitivity. This sensitivity is linked to BDD severity and poorer overall functioning.

Keywords:
AppearanceBody dysmorphic disorderFunctioningObsessive-compulsive and related disordersQuality of lifeRejection sensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Rejection sensitivity may play a role in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD).
  • Previous research has not examined rejection sensitivity in a clinical BDD sample or differentiated between types of rejection sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate personal and appearance-based rejection sensitivity in a clinical BDD sample.
  • To compare these sensitivities with published norms.
  • To explore associations between rejection sensitivity, BDD severity, and other clinical variables.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-six patients diagnosed with BDD completed measures of personal and appearance-based rejection sensitivity.
  • Scores were compared to published norms.
  • Correlations were examined between rejection sensitivity, BDD severity, depressive symptoms, and functioning.

Main Results:

  • BDD patients scored significantly higher on both personal (0.6 SD) and appearance-based (1.1 SD) rejection sensitivity compared to norms.
  • Higher personal rejection sensitivity correlated with greater BDD severity, depressive symptoms, and poorer mental, general, physical, and social functioning.
  • Higher appearance-based rejection sensitivity correlated with greater BDD severity, depressive symptoms, and poorer general health.

Conclusions:

  • Personal and appearance-based rejection sensitivity are elevated in individuals with BDD.
  • Appearance-based rejection sensitivity uniquely predicts BDD severity.
  • Personal rejection sensitivity uniquely predicts general health, highlighting distinct clinical implications for each type of sensitivity.