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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
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Bidirectional trans-synaptic axonal degeneration in the visual pathway in multiple sclerosis.

L J Balk1, M D Steenwijk2, P Tewarie1

  • 1Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|June 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes bidirectional axonal degeneration in the visual pathway. Retinal thinning is linked to both visual pathway damage and overall brain atrophy in MS patients.

Keywords:
MULTIPLE SCLEROSISNEUROOPHTHALMOLOGY

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Visual pathway involvement is common in MS, leading to optic neuritis and vision loss.
  • Understanding the extent and mechanisms of visual pathway damage in MS is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate anterograde and retrograde trans-synaptic axonal degeneration in the MS visual pathway.
  • To explore the relationship between visual pathway damage and global brain atrophy in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 222 MS patients and 62 healthy controls (HC).
  • Analysis included optical coherence tomography (OCT) for retinal layer thickness.
  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and structural MRI assessed optic radiations (OR), visual cortex, and whole-brain grey/white matter integrity.

Main Results:

  • Optic neuritis in MS patients correlated with reduced OR integrity and thinner retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC).
  • In MS patients without optic neuritis, OR lesion volume negatively impacted pRNFL and GCC thickness.
  • Retinal thinning (pRNFL, GCC) was associated with OR integrity, visual cortex thickness, and global brain atrophy.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence supports bidirectional trans-synaptic axonal degeneration in the MS visual pathway.
  • Retinal thinning in MS is linked to both visual pathway pathology and widespread brain atrophy.