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Related Concept Videos

Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

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A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial...
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Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

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Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
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The phylum Chlamydiae or Chlamydiota is composed of a single order, Chlamydiales. This phylum consists entirely of obligate intracellular parasites that infect eukaryotic hosts. While human pathogens within this group have been studied extensively, the phylum encompasses many species capable of interacting with various eukaryotic organisms. Members of Chlamydiae are typically small cocci, approximately 0.5 μm in diameter, and exhibit a distinctive developmental cycle. As is characteristic...
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Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased...
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Investigating Alterations in Caecum Microbiota After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice
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Confusing presentation of chaetomium brain abscess.

Muhammad Waqas1, Shahan Waheed, Salman Ahmed Mangrio

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Aga Khan University Hospital , Karachi , Pakistan.

British Journal of Neurosurgery
|July 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A young woman with a basal ganglia bleed due to vasculitis initially worsened despite steroid treatment. Fungal infection by Chaetomium was identified as the cause after surgical drainage.

Keywords:
brain abscesschaetomiumvasculitis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Vasculitis can cause central nervous system (CNS) bleeds, presenting diagnostic challenges.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing CNS vasculitis and its complications.

Observation:

  • A young, immunocompetent female presented with fever and a left basal ganglia hemorrhage attributed to vasculitis.
  • Despite initial treatment with prednisolone, her clinical condition progressively worsened.

Findings:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed enhancement of the pre-existing hematoma.
  • Surgical aspiration yielded pus, and fungal cultures subsequently identified Chaetomium species.

Implications:

  • This case highlights Chaetomium as a rare but potential cause of CNS fungal infections presenting as vasculitis.
  • Early consideration of infectious etiologies, even in presumed vasculitis, is vital for effective patient management.
  • Fungal infections should be considered in refractory or atypical presentations of CNS vasculitis.