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Risks and risk governance in unconventional shale gas development.

Mitchell J Small1, Paul C Stern, Elizabeth Bomberg

  • 1H. John Heinz III Professor of Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.

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|July 2, 2014
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Summary

Shale gas development poses risks to public health, ecosystems, and climate, with significant knowledge gaps. Improved governance and coordinated federal research are crucial for managing these impacts effectively.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Risk Assessment
  • Environmental Policy

Background:

  • Shale gas development presents multifaceted risks.
  • Current knowledge on these risks and their governance is incomplete.
  • Effective management requires addressing significant research deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To broadly assess knowledge on shale gas development risks and governance.
  • To identify hazards, mitigation options, and research needs across key domains.
  • To evaluate current U.S. governance and explore emerging international approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of existing research on shale gas risks.
  • Analysis of observed and potential hazards and mitigation strategies.
  • Assessment of current U.S. regulatory frameworks and governance initiatives.

Main Results:

  • Significant knowledge gaps exist in areas like public health, ecosystems, air quality, socioeconomic impacts, and climate change.
  • Current research is insufficient to confirm or preclude major impacts in these domains.
  • The U.S. employs a decentralized, state-focused regulatory system with evolving governance challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Coordinated, multiagency federal research is essential to address knowledge gaps and uncertainties.
  • New governance initiatives, including voluntary certification and financial instruments, warrant consideration.
  • Improved understanding and management of shale gas impacts require a comprehensive approach.