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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

21.0K
In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly,...
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Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides
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Accessing zinc monohydride cations through coordinative interactions.

Paul A Lummis1, Mohammad R Momeni, Melanie W Lui

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 (Canada) http://www.chem.ualberta.ca/∼erivard/

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|July 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created stable zinc hydride cations using N-heterocyclic carbene donors. These compounds exhibit both electrophilic and nucleophilic properties, showing potential in catalysis.

Keywords:
N-heterocyclic carbenecationshomogeneous catalysishydrideszinc

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Zinc hydride complexes are typically unstable.
  • N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are versatile ligands in coordination chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize isolable zinc hydride cations supported by NHC ligands.
  • To investigate the electronic properties and reactivity of these novel zinc hydride species.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of novel zinc hydride complexes.
  • Spectroscopic characterization.
  • Computational studies (e.g., DFT).
  • Preliminary catalytic testing in hydrosilylation reactions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully isolated and characterized stable zinc hydride cations featuring NHC donors.
  • Computational analysis revealed a dual electrophilic and nucleophilic character of the zinc hydride unit.
  • Demonstrated preliminary catalytic activity in hydrosilylation.

Conclusions:

  • The development of isolable zinc hydride cations expands the scope of zinc chemistry.
  • NHC ligands effectively stabilize reactive zinc hydride species.
  • These compounds show promise as catalysts in organic transformations.