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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
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Patellar instability.

Jason L Koh1, Cory Stewart2

  • 1Orthopaedic Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Avenue, Walgreen's 2505, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine & Biological Sciences, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Rm. P207, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Clinics in Sports Medicine
|July 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patellar instability, causing pain and limited function, requires tailored treatment. Surgical options like MPFL reconstruction or tibial tubercle osteotomy can improve stability, but must address individual anatomic factors for recurrent dislocations.

Keywords:
DislocationInjuryInstabilityKneeMedial patellofemoral ligamentPatella

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Patellar instability leads to pain and functional deficits.
  • Predisposing factors include ligamentous laxity, increased TT-TG distance, patella alta, and trochlear dysplasia.
  • Acquired factors involve MPFL injury or quadriceps dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current management strategies for patellar instability.
  • To emphasize the importance of tailoring surgical interventions to individual patient anatomy and injury patterns.
  • To discuss the efficacy and limitations of various surgical procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of surgical techniques for patellar instability.
  • Analysis of outcomes for procedures including isolated lateral release, medial repair, MPFL reconstruction, tibial tubercle osteotomy, and trochleoplasty.
  • Evaluation of factors contributing to recurrent patellar dislocations.

Main Results:

  • Nonoperative management is effective for first-time dislocations; recurrence increases with multiple dislocations.
  • Isolated lateral release is not recommended and may cause medial instability.
  • MPFL reconstruction is effective but technically demanding with potential complications.
  • Tibial tubercle osteotomy addresses bony alignment and unloads cartilage.
  • Trochleoplasty is indicated for severe trochlear dysplasia.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical management for patellar instability must be individualized based on specific injuries and anatomic risk factors.
  • Combined procedures may be necessary to address multifactorial causes of instability, pain, and functional loss.
  • Careful consideration of procedure risks, benefits, and patient-specific anatomy is crucial for successful outcomes.