Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 31, 2026
11:15
Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise
Published on: March 20, 2012
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport
Mary E Caldwell1, Carly Watson2, Laura Giambra3
1VCU School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Clinics in Sports Medicine
|May 28, 2026
Summary
Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) is a syndrome caused by low energy availability, impacting athlete health and performance. Early recognition and multidisciplinary treatment are crucial for managing this condition.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Exercise Physiology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S), formerly the female athlete triad, is often overlooked.
- It stems from insufficient energy intake relative to energy expenditure in athletes.
- This condition can lead to widespread physiological and psychological impairments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the under-recognition of RED-S among sports professionals.
- To explain the multifactorial nature of RED-S driven by low energy availability (LEA).
- To emphasize the systemic consequences of LEA on athlete health and performance.
Main Methods:
- Review of current understanding and clinical presentation of RED-S.
- Discussion of LEA as the central etiological factor.
- Exploration of available risk assessment tools for athletes.
Main Results:
- Low energy availability (LEA) is the primary driver of RED-S.
- RED-S negatively affects multiple body systems, including physical and psychological function.
- Consequences include increased injury rates and decreased athletic performance.
Conclusions:
- RED-S requires greater awareness and recognition by coaches, physicians, and medical teams.
- Risk assessment tools can aid in identifying and managing affected athletes.
- Effective treatment necessitates a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach.
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