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Published on: June 2, 2014
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[Modifiable risk factors for primary headache. A systematic review]
L Albers1, S Ziebarth, R von Kries
1Institut für soziale Pädiatrie und Jugendmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Haydnstraße 5/VI Stock, 80336, München, Deutschland, lucia.albers@med.uni-muenchen.de.
Summary
Stress and neck/shoulder pain are significant risk factors for primary headaches. While smoking and coffee may have minor effects, focusing on stress management and pain relief can aid headache prevention.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Public Health
Background:
- Primary headaches can escalate to chronic headache conditions.
- Identifying modifiable risk factors is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically identify and analyze modifiable risk factors associated with primary headaches.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE and Embase.
- Included studies were observational or case-control studies in adult general populations.
- Effect sizes were analyzed using odds ratios.
Main Results:
- Twenty-four studies were included, revealing significant heterogeneity.
- Stress was consistently identified as a major risk factor (odds ratio = 2.26).
- Neck and shoulder pain also showed a strong association, though not meta-analyzed. Smoking and coffee consumption had minimal, dose-dependent effects.
Conclusions:
- Stress and neck/shoulder pain are confirmed as significant risk factors for primary headaches.
- The impact of smoking and coffee consumption on headache prevalence appears to be minor.
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