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The effect of exercise training on lower trunk muscle morphology
Behnaz Shahtahmassebi1, Jeffrey J Hebert, Norman J Stomski
1School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, SS2.015, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|July 13, 2014
Summary
Exercise interventions, particularly motor control combined with resistance training, can increase lower trunk muscle size. However, results vary, and caution is advised due to study limitations and potential bias.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Musculoskeletal Health
- Rehabilitation Science
Background:
- Skeletal muscle is crucial for lumbar stability.
- Evidence on exercise's impact on trunk muscle morphology is inconsistent.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review exercise training effects on lower trunk muscle morphology.
- To compare the effectiveness of different exercise interventions.
Main Methods:
- Systematic search of multiple databases (PubMed, SportDiscus, CINAHL, Cochrane, PEDro).
- Included prospective longitudinal studies (RCTs, single-group designs).
- Assessed study quality using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool; categorized interventions (motor control, machine resistance, non-machine resistance, cardiovascular).
Main Results:
- 29 studies met criteria; 14 (48%) reported increased trunk muscle size.
- Combined motor control and non-machine resistance, and machine resistance exercises showed medium to large effects.
- Non-machine resistance and cardiovascular exercises showed no significant effect on trunk muscle morphology.
Conclusions:
- Approximately half of studies showed increased trunk muscle size with exercise.
- Motor control and resistance-based exercises were most effective.
- Results should be interpreted cautiously due to bias and poor reporting; further high-quality research is needed.
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