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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

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Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
716
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
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Urolithiasis in Italy: an epidemiological study.

Domenico Prezioso1, Ester Illiano, Gaetano Piccinocchi

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II of Naples, Naples. domenico.prezioso2@unina.it.

Archivio Italiano Di Urologia, Andrologia : Organo Ufficiale [Di] Societa Italiana Di Ecografia Urologica E Nefrologica
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Summary

Urolithiasis (kidney stone disease) prevalence in Italy was 4.14% in 2012, higher in men and increasing with age. Incidence also rose, with regional variations noted.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Urolithiasis is a significant global urological condition.
  • Recent Italian epidemiological data on stone disease were lacking.
  • Understanding current trends is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the current epidemiology of urolithiasis in Italy.
  • To analyze prevalence and incidence based on gender, age, and region.
  • To provide updated data using the Health Search/CSD Longitudinal Patient Database.

Main Methods:

  • Observational, descriptive, retrospective study design.
  • Utilized the Health Search/CSD Longitudinal Patient Database (HS).
  • Included Italian residents over 17 with at least two years of clinical history by December 2012.

Main Results:

  • 2012 urolithiasis prevalence in Italy was 4.14%, higher in males (4.53%) than females (3.78%).
  • Prevalence increased with age, with highest rates in Campania (6.08%).
  • General incidence was 2.23 per 1000, highest in Sicilia (3.15 per 1000), particularly in the 65-74 age group.

Conclusions:

  • Urolithiasis incidence and prevalence are increasing in Italy.
  • Significant variations exist in distribution by gender, age, and region.
  • This study provides essential current epidemiological insights for Italy.