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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Published on: February 2, 2014

Vaccine allergy.

Jean-Christoph Caubet¹, Claude Ponvert²

¹Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva and Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America

|July 15, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Overdiagnosis of vaccine allergy is a significant public health issue. This review details vaccine reactions, their causes, and patient management strategies to improve vaccine safety.

Keywords:

Children Egg Gelatin Hypersensitivity Toxoids Vaccine allergy Vaccine components

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Public Health
Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Background:

Overdiagnosis of vaccine allergy poses a significant public health challenge.
Accurate diagnosis and management are crucial for maintaining vaccine confidence and uptake.
Understanding vaccine reactions is essential for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the classification of allergic reactions following immunization.
To identify vaccine components implicated in allergic responses.
To outline management approaches for patients with a history of vaccine reactions or component allergies.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on vaccine allergy and immunization reactions.
Classification of reactions based on timing (immediate/nonimmediate) and extent (local/systemic).
Discussion of potential allergens within vaccine formulations.

Main Results:

Vaccine reactions can be immediate or nonimmediate, and local or systemic.
Specific vaccine components can trigger allergic responses.
Evidence-based management strategies exist for patients with prior reactions.

Conclusions:

Distinguishing true vaccine allergy from other reactions is critical.
Proper patient evaluation and management can prevent unnecessary vaccine avoidance.
Further research can refine diagnostic and management protocols for vaccine hypersensitivity.