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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

1.6K
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

205
Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
205
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

261
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
261
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

206
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
206
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

7.2K
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
7.2K
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

353
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
353

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Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
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Hypersensitivity reactions to biologic agents.

Alessandra Vultaggio1, Mariana C Castells2

  • 1Immunoallergology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Viale Morgagni 85, Florence 50134, Italy.

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|July 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biologic agents are vital therapies for cancer and inflammatory conditions but can cause adverse reactions. This review covers their clinical presentation, mechanisms, management, and desensitization strategies for monoclonal antibodies.

Keywords:
Antidrug antibodiesBiologic agentsDrug allergyHypersensitivity reactionsImmunogenicity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Biologic agents (BAs) are increasingly utilized in treating oncology, immunology, and inflammatory diseases.
  • Adverse drug reactions can limit the efficacy and application of biologic agents.
  • Understanding these reactions is crucial for safe and effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation and pathogenic mechanisms of acute and delayed adverse reactions to biologic agents.
  • To provide guidance on the management, including preventive and diagnostic procedures, for BA-induced reactions.
  • To summarize current knowledge regarding desensitization protocols for commonly used monoclonal antibodies.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of clinical presentations and pathogenic mechanisms.
  • Analysis of current management strategies, including diagnostic work-up.
  • Synthesis of existing data on desensitization to monoclonal antibodies.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of the clinical manifestations of acute and delayed BA reactions.
  • Elucidation of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms driving these adverse events.
  • Provision of practical guidelines for managing BA-induced reactions and successful desensitization.

Conclusions:

  • Biologic agents offer significant therapeutic benefits but require careful monitoring for adverse reactions.
  • Effective management strategies and desensitization protocols can mitigate risks and optimize treatment outcomes.
  • Further research into BA-induced reactions and desensitization is warranted to improve patient care.