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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

Arteries of Lower Limbs

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The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
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Response to 'Correspondence On "Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis regimen for patients undergoing deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction"'.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

The Superficial Inferior Epigastric Artery Axial Flap to Study Ischemic Preconditioning Effects in a Rat Model
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The super thin external pudendal artery (STEPA) flap.

Alex F Phoon1, Amit K Shah2, George C Cormack1

  • 1Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; UTSW UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery : JPRAS
|July 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A new super thin external pudendal artery (STEPA) flap offers a promising solution for reconstructive microsurgery. This thin, supple flap provides a viable option for challenging reconstructions with minimal donor site morbidity.

Keywords:
CadavericExternal pudendalFree tissue transferMyocutaneousReconstructionScrotal

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Area of Science:

  • Microsurgery
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • The
  • ideal
  • free flap for microsurgical reconstruction remains elusive, particularly for thin and supple tissue requirements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a novel free tissue transfer, the super thin external pudendal artery (STEPA) flap, for reconstructive microsurgery.
  • To evaluate the anatomical feasibility and characteristics of the STEPA flap.

Main Methods:

  • Anatomical cadaveric study involving six fresh cadavers.
  • Raising of hemiscrotal and scrotal flaps based on external pudendal vessels.
  • Vascular anatomy evaluation using computed tomographic angiography and latex injection.

Main Results:

  • The STEPA flap is the thinnest myocutaneous free flap, with over 80% measuring less than 1.1 mm.
  • Demonstrated reliable anatomy with adequate vessel caliber (artery 2.81 mm, vein 4.44 mm).
  • Mean pedicle length of 11 cm and favorable donor site morbidity.

Conclusions:

  • The STEPA flap is a thin, supple, and reliable option for reconstructive microsurgery.
  • Offers a large surface area and generous pedicle length.
  • Potential for use in various clinical scenarios requiring thin tissue reconstruction, despite potential cosmetic considerations.