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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects
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Bisphosphonate therapy for osteogenesis imperfecta.

Kerry Dwan1, Carrie A Phillipi, Robert D Steiner

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Bisphosphonates increase bone mineral density in osteogenesis imperfecta patients. However, evidence on fracture reduction and clinical improvements remains inconclusive, necessitating further research on optimal therapy and long-term safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Research
  • Pharmacology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder affecting type I collagen, leading to fragile bones and frequent fractures.
  • Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs used to treat OI by aiming to increase bone mineral density and reduce fracture incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bisphosphonates in managing osteogenesis imperfecta.
  • Key outcomes assessed include bone mineral density, fracture rates, and clinical functional improvements.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials was conducted.
  • Searches included the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Trials Register, PubMed, and conference proceedings up to April 2014.

Main Results:

  • Fourteen trials with 819 participants were analyzed. Evidence suggests bisphosphonates increase bone mineral density (BMD) in OI patients.
  • Fracture reduction and clinical outcome data were inconsistent across studies, with no clear benefits for growth or pain relief.
  • No significant differences were found between different bisphosphonate doses or between oral and intravenous administration routes.

Conclusions:

  • Bisphosphonates are effective in increasing bone mineral density in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta.
  • Current evidence does not conclusively demonstrate consistent fracture reduction or improvement in clinical function.
  • Further research is needed to determine optimal bisphosphonate therapy, duration, and long-term safety for improving quality of life in OI patients.