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Related Concept Videos

Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

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Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
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Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
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Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
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G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

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G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
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Principles of Drug Action01:24

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Drugs are chemical substances that modify biological responses by interacting with macromolecular targets such as receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes. Pharmacodynamics describes the course of action of drugs leading to the physiological effect at a specific site in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
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GWAS and drug targets.

Chen Cao, John Moult

    BMC Genomics
    |July 25, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) can identify new drug targets by analyzing gene networks, even though they don't directly find many existing targets. This approach shows promise for drug repurposing and discovering novel therapeutic strategies.

    Area of Science:

    • Genetics
    • Pharmacology
    • Bioinformatics

    Background:

    • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) link genetic variations to complex diseases.
    • GWAS are expected to identify new drug targets for therapeutic strategies.
    • This study evaluates GWAS's power in discovering existing and new drug targets.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess how many existing drug targets are directly identified by GWAS.
    • To explore leveraging network information with GWAS results for drug target discovery.
    • To investigate the potential of GWAS data for identifying drug repurposing opportunities.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of drug targets and GWAS-reported genes.
    • Investigation of negative selection acting on drug target genes.

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    A Semi-Quantitative Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability DARTS assay for studying Rapamycin/mTOR interaction
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  • Analysis of gene length bias in GWAS results.
  • Application of machine-learning methods using protein-protein interaction networks.

    • Main Results:

    • A small fraction of existing drug targets are directly detected by relevant GWAS.
    • Evidence suggests negative selection on drug target genes and a length bias in GWAS findings.
    • Despite low direct overlap, GWAS genes and drug targets are closely coupled in protein networks.
    • Machine-learning models successfully recovered known drug targets using network context and GWAS data.

    Conclusions:

    • GWAS data can facilitate the discovery of new drug targets, despite not directly identifying most existing ones.
    • Network analysis of GWAS results shows promise for drug repurposing.
    • Further development of network-based approaches is encouraged for future drug discovery efforts.