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Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Rab Proteins01:14

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Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Quantitation of Rabies Virus in Various Bovine Brain Structures
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Bat rabies in Guatemala.

James A Ellison1, Amy T Gilbert2, Sergio Recuenco3

  • 1Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America.

Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases
|August 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Rabies surveillance in Guatemalan bats revealed low prevalence (0.3%) of rabies virus (RABV). Two common vampire bats were positive, with RABV found in multiple tissues and neutralizing antibodies detected in 7% of bats.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Wildlife Disease Ecology
  • Molecular Epidemiology

Background:

  • Rabies is endemic in bats across the New World, yet data from many countries are scarce.
  • Bat rabies surveillance is crucial for understanding viral circulation and transmission dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct enhanced surveillance for rabies virus (RABV) in bats in Guatemala from 2009-2011.
  • To characterize RABV isolates from bats and assess seroprevalence.

Main Methods:

  • Sampling and testing of 672 bats from 31 species for RABV.
  • Isolation of infectious virus and detection of viral RNA via hemi-nested RT-PCR.
  • Sequencing of nucleoprotein and glycoprotein genes for phylogenetic analysis.
  • Detection of RABV neutralizing antibodies in bat sera.

Main Results:

  • A low overall prevalence of RABV (0.3%) was detected.
  • Infectious RABV was isolated from two common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus), with viral RNA found in multiple tissues.
  • Sequencing revealed highly similar RABV isolates phylogenetically related to those from Mexico and El Salvador.
  • RABV neutralizing antibodies were found in 7% of sampled bats, with seropositivity varying by trophic guild.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides valuable data on bat rabies in Guatemala, highlighting the presence of RABV in common vampire bats.
  • Phylogenetic analysis suggests regional connectivity of RABV strains.
  • Variable seroprevalence indicates complex rabies virus perpetuation within bat populations.