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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
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Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
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Determination01:51

Determination

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport01:16

Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport

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Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
This one-way system allows fluids, solutes, and even pathogens to enter but prevents their return to the intercellular...
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Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

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Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
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Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

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Lymphatic vascular specification and its modulation during embryonic development.

Cathy Pichol-Thievend1, Benjamin M Hogan1, Mathias Francois1

  • 1Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.

Microvascular Research
|August 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lymphatic vessel formation is regulated by specific transcription factors originating from venous cells. Understanding these pathways is key for development and disease research.

Keywords:
Lymphatic endothelial cellLymphoedemaMouseSignalling pathwaysSpecificationTranscription factorsVascularZebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The lymphatic vascular system, crucial for development and disease, remains less understood than the blood vascular network.
  • Recent progress has illuminated mechanisms governing lymphatic vessel formation in both normal development and pathological states.
  • Lymphatic endothelial cells arise from a specific subset of pre-existing venous endothelial cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on transcription factor pathways governing lymphatic specification.
  • To identify factors that promote or inhibit lymphatic vessel formation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on lymphatic development.
  • Analysis of transcription factor roles in lymphatic endothelial cell specification.
  • Examination of regulatory factors influencing lymphatic vessel formation.

Main Results:

  • Key transcription factor pathways essential for lymphatic specification have been identified.
  • Specific molecular signals that either promote or restrict lymphatic development are characterized.
  • The origin of lymphatic endothelial cells from venous precursors is further substantiated.

Conclusions:

  • Transcription factors play a pivotal role in the specification of lymphatic endothelial cells.
  • A complex interplay of promoting and restricting factors governs lymphatic vessel development.
  • Further research into these pathways holds potential for therapeutic interventions in lymphatic-related diseases.