Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

In-vitro Mutagenesis

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Giant Retinal Hole and Retinal Detachment following Exercise Band Injury: A Case Report.

Case reports in ophthalmology·2026

Same author

Advances in Wearable Bioimaging.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Same author

Local Tumor Microenvironment Niches Correlate With Survival And Immunotherapy Response In Human Glioblastoma.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Clinical Reasoning: An 81-Year-Old Woman With Chronic Isolated Neck Extensor Weakness.

Neurology·2026

Same author

It Takes a Village: Association of Family Social Engagement With Reduced Postpartum Depression During Psychotherapy.

American journal of psychotherapy·2026

Same author

Epigenetic Signatures in Family Clusters: Links Between Male Fertility and Autism Risk.

Urology·2026

Same journal

Intratumoral B cells under stress.

Cancer cell·2026

Same journal

Chronic stress unleashes an intratumor phage-fibroblast-B cell circuit to promote tumor growth.

Cancer cell·2026

Same journal

Molecular phenotypes and spatial archetypes: A new framework for cancer-associated fibroblasts.

Cancer cell·2026

Same journal

OpenIO: An open framework for AI-native immunotherapy.

Cancer cell·2026

Same journal

From prediction to interpretation in computational pathology.

Cancer cell·2026

Same journal

Targeting drug-tolerant persister cells: Let's bring on the TROPs!

Cancer cell·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

When deletions gain functions: commandeering epigenetic mechanisms.

Justin Chen¹, William A Weiss¹

¹Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Neurosurgery, and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

|August 14, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chromosomal deletions in cancer usually suppress tumors. However, a new study reveals structural variations in medulloblastoma activate oncogenes GFI1B and GFI1 by repositioning them near super-enhancers.

More Related Videos

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

Published on: May 5, 2023

CRISPR Epigenome Editing in Human Cells using Plasmid DNA Transfection and mRNA Nucleofection Delivery

CRISPR Epigenome Editing in Human Cells using Plasmid DNA Transfection and mRNA Nucleofection Delivery

Published on: May 30, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

Published on: May 5, 2023

CRISPR Epigenome Editing in Human Cells using Plasmid DNA Transfection and mRNA Nucleofection Delivery

CRISPR Epigenome Editing in Human Cells using Plasmid DNA Transfection and mRNA Nucleofection Delivery

Published on: May 30, 2025

Area of Science:

Oncology
Genetics
Cancer Research

Background:

Recurrent chromosomal deletions in cancer are generally associated with the loss of tumor suppressor genes.
The role of structural variations in activating oncogenes through enhancer repositioning is an emerging area of cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate novel mechanisms of oncogene activation in medulloblastoma.
To identify the functional consequences of structural variations in cancer genomes.

Main Methods:

Analysis of genomic data from medulloblastoma samples.
Identification of structural variations and their proximity to regulatory elements like super-enhancers.
Assessment of gene expression changes for GFI1B and GFI1.

Main Results:

Discovery of a novel region of structural variation in medulloblastoma.
Demonstration that this variation leads to the oncogenic activation of GFI1B and GFI1.
Identification of super-enhancers driving the expression of these repositioned oncogenes.

Conclusions:

Structural variations can lead to oncogenic activation by repositioning genes near super-enhancers, challenging the traditional view of deletions solely harboring tumor suppressors.
This finding provides new insights into medulloblastoma pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.