Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

2.6K
Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
2.6K
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

2.9K
Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
2.9K
Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

1.9K
Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
1.9K
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

2.0K
In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
2.0K
Electrophoresis: Overview01:20

Electrophoresis: Overview

4.0K
Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical separation technique that relies on the differential migration of charged species when subjected to an electric field. The core strength of electrophoresis lies in its ability to separate high-molecular-weight species in complex mixtures. It has found widespread use in biochemistry, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry, allowing the separation of compounds like amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and proteins with excellent resolution.
There...
4.0K
Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

1.5K
The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Curated digital datasets of acid dissociation constants in dipolar aprotic solvents.

RSC advances·2026
Same author

Photoredox-Catalyzed Radical Dideuterofluoromethylation Using a Cyclic Sulfoximine Scaffold.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

Valorization of birch tops and branches containing mechanically inseparable wood and bark.

Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC·2026
Same author

Acidity Scale in 1,2-Difluorobenzene.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Probing the Influence of Sulfur-Aromatic Interactions on the Electronic Structure of Gas-Phase Peptides.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

In-Depth Analysis of the Data from an Interlaboratory Study of Quantitative Non-Target Screening-How Do the Instrumental Methods Compare?

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Characterizing Bacterial Volatiles using Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry SESI-MS
08:54

Characterizing Bacterial Volatiles using Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry SESI-MS

Published on: June 8, 2011

21.3K

Effect of mobile phase on electrospray ionization efficiency.

Jaanus Liigand1, Anneli Kruve, Ivo Leito

  • 1Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia, jaanus.liigand@ut.ee.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
|August 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Electrospray ionization efficiencies depend on compound properties and mobile phase conditions. High hydrophobicity can overcome low basicity, impacting electrospray performance.

More Related Videos

Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment
05:00

Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment

Published on: June 17, 2020

7.0K
Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments
08:40

Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments

Published on: January 20, 2022

3.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Characterizing Bacterial Volatiles using Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry SESI-MS
08:54

Characterizing Bacterial Volatiles using Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry SESI-MS

Published on: June 8, 2011

21.3K
Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment
05:00

Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment

Published on: June 17, 2020

7.0K
Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments
08:40

Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments

Published on: January 20, 2022

3.8K

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a crucial technique in mass spectrometry.
  • Understanding factors influencing ESI ionization efficiency (IE) is vital for method development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of compound properties (basicity, hydrophobicity) and mobile phase conditions (acetonitrile content, pH) on ESI-IE.
  • To establish comparable ionization efficiency values across different solvents.

Main Methods:

  • Measured relative ESI-IE for 10 diverse compounds in 7 mobile phases.
  • Optimized MS parameters for each ion.
  • Converted relative IE to comparable logIE values, anchored to tetrapropylammonium ion.

Main Results:

  • Compounds with pKa near solution pH showed higher IE at lower pH.
  • pH sensitivity of IE varied with hydrophobicity (pyridine > N,N-dimethylaniline > 1-naphthylamine).
  • Phthalate esters exhibited surprisingly high IEs; acetonitrile content had less impact than pH.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrophobicity plays a significant role in electrospray ionization.
  • High hydrophobicity can compensate for low basicity, enhancing ESI-IE.
  • Mobile phase pH and compound hydrophobicity are key factors for optimizing ESI-MS sensitivity.