Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

8.1K
The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
8.1K
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

3.4K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
3.4K
Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

6.8K
The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
6.8K
Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

5.0K
The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....
5.0K
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

3.4K
The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
3.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Knee Synovial Fluid Biomarker Type and Concentration With Long-Term Outcomes After ACL Reconstruction With Concomitant Meniscal Injury.

The American journal of sports medicine·2026
Same author

The Effect of Smoking History on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Synovial Fluid of Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Knee Surgery for Meniscal Injury.

The American journal of sports medicine·2026
Same author

Surface-based treatment options for cartilage lesions of the knee.

Annals of joint·2026
Same author

Establishing the indications for temporising knee-spanning external fixation: A modified Delphi study of the International Knee Dislocation Study Group.

Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA·2026
Same author

Podium Abstracts Presented at the 2025 Annual Meeting of the Arthroscopy Association of North America.

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·2026
Same author

Podium Abstracts Presented at the 2025 Annual Meeting of the Arthroscopy Association of North America.

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·2026
Same journal

Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning in orthopaedic surgery.

Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013)·2026
Same journal

Beyond the medial patellofemoral ligament: The role of concomitant bony procedures in recurrent patellar instability.

Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013)·2026
Same journal

The anterior compartment in modern knee arthroplasty.

Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013)·2026
Same journal

Rotator cuff disease, repair and augmentation.

Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013)·2026
Same journal

Rethinking preservation: The case for timely hip arthroplasty in young adult hip pathology.

Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013)·2026
Same journal

War, what is it good for? orthopedics the evolution of orthopedic surgery through armed conflict.

Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
09:14

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

Published on: October 28, 2022

1.6K

Patellar instability.

Michael J Alaia, Randy M Cohn, Eric J Strauss

    Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013)
    |August 24, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Patellar instability, a complex condition with multiple causes, often requires surgical intervention for effective treatment. Surgical techniques can correct anatomical issues, alleviate symptoms, and help patients return to their activities.

    More Related Videos

    Author Spotlight: Double Posteromedial Approach for Treating Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts
    05:44

    Author Spotlight: Double Posteromedial Approach for Treating Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts

    Published on: October 20, 2023

    2.0K
    Harvesting of Peroneus Longus Tendon Autograft
    04:03

    Harvesting of Peroneus Longus Tendon Autograft

    Published on: September 2, 2025

    2.1K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

    A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
    09:14

    A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

    Published on: October 28, 2022

    1.6K
    Author Spotlight: Double Posteromedial Approach for Treating Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts
    05:44

    Author Spotlight: Double Posteromedial Approach for Treating Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts

    Published on: October 20, 2023

    2.0K
    Harvesting of Peroneus Longus Tendon Autograft
    04:03

    Harvesting of Peroneus Longus Tendon Autograft

    Published on: September 2, 2025

    2.1K

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic Surgery
    • Biomechanics
    • Sports Medicine

    Background:

    • Patellar instability is a complex condition with multifactorial etiology.
    • Accurate diagnosis relies on thorough patient history, physical examination, and radiographic assessment.
    • Non-operative management of recurrent patellar instability frequently results in treatment failure.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To emphasize the complexity of patellar instability.
    • To highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment selection.
    • To review the role of operative techniques in managing patellar instability.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature on patellar instability.
    • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and treatment outcomes.
    • Evaluation of surgical techniques for anatomical correction.

    Main Results:

    • Non-operative treatments for recurrent instability show a high failure rate.
    • Operative techniques are effective in addressing underlying anatomical abnormalities.
    • Surgery can significantly reduce instability symptoms and improve functional outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of patellar instability necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its pathoanatomy.
    • Surgical interventions offer a viable solution for correcting anatomical deficits and restoring function.
    • Operative management provides patients with a realistic opportunity for return to pre-injury activity levels.