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Long-term coffee consumption does not appear to protect against dementia. The apparent protective effect seen in shorter studies may be due to reverse causality, where early dementia symptoms influence coffee intake.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epidemiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Previous studies suggest coffee consumption may reduce dementia risk.
  • However, these findings often have short follow-up periods, raising concerns about reverse causality.
  • The long-term impact of coffee on dementia incidence requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term association between coffee consumption and incident dementia.
  • To explore the influence of reverse causality by analyzing stratified follow-up times.
  • To clarify the relationship between habitual coffee intake and dementia risk over extended periods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the population-based Rotterdam Study (N=5,408).
  • Assessed coffee consumption at two time points (1989-1991 and 1997-1999) with dementia follow-up until 2011.
  • Employed flexible parametric survival models, analyzing both entire and stratified follow-up periods (0-4 years).

Main Results:

  • No significant association was found between coffee consumption and dementia over the entire follow-up period for both examination rounds.
  • A protective association was observed only within the short-term follow-up stratum (0-4 years) for both assessment periods.
  • These findings indicate that the short-term protective effect may be influenced by reverse causality.

Conclusions:

  • Coffee consumption is not associated with a reduced risk of incident dementia in the long term.
  • The observed short-term protective association is likely attributable to reverse causality.
  • Further research should consider long-term follow-up and potential confounding factors in coffee-dementia studies.