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Related Concept Videos

Vagina01:26

Vagina

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The vaginal canal is a tubular structure averaging about 10 cm in length that acts as the entryway to the female reproductive system and the passageway for menstrual flow and childbirth. The interior walls of the vagina exhibit concentric folds called rugae and are topped by an area known as the fornix, which connects with the protruding cervical portion of the uterus. This canal is comprised of an external fibrous layer, a muscular middle layer, and an inner lining with mucosal rugae, which...
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External Female Genitals

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The vulva encompasses the external structures of the female reproductive system. At the forefront is the monpubis, a cushion of fatty tissue atop the pubic bone. Once puberty sets in, this area typically grows hair. Extending from just behind the mons pubis are the labia majora (labia = 'lips'; majora = 'larger'), which are larger skin fs olds coated with hair. Nestled within are the labia minora (labia = 'lips'; minora = 'smaller'), which are thinner, more...
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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain
06:44

Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain

Published on: June 23, 2009

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Vulvodynia.

Mitul Shah1, Susan Hoffstetter1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics Gynecology & Women's Health, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 6420 Clayton Road, St Louis, MO 63117, USA.

Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
|August 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Vulvodynia, or vulvar pain, significantly impacts quality of life. This guide helps gynecologists diagnose and manage this chronic pain disorder, offering treatment and referral strategies for better patient support.

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Pain Management
  • Patient Care

Background:

  • Vulvar pain (vulvodynia) is a common condition affecting patient quality of life.
  • Vulvodynia presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for healthcare providers.
  • Effective management requires a structured approach for primary gynecologists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a framework for identifying and diagnosing vulvodynia.
  • To outline initial evaluation and physical examination protocols.
  • To discuss diverse treatment options, including self-management and pharmacologic therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed discussion of initial patient evaluation.
  • Emphasis on thorough physical examination techniques.
  • Exploration of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment modalities.
Keywords:
VaginismusVulvar painVulvodynia

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Main Results:

  • A systematic approach aids in the identification and diagnosis of vulvodynia.
  • Comprehensive evaluation is crucial for effective treatment planning.
  • A range of management strategies can improve patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis is fundamental for initiating treatment and support for vulvodynia patients.
  • Primary gynecologists can utilize this framework for improved patient care.
  • Addressing vulvodynia as a chronic pain disorder is essential for long-term management.