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Related Concept Videos

IV Infusion to Oral Dosing: Conversion Methods01:28

IV Infusion to Oral Dosing: Conversion Methods

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The development of extended-release formulations has facilitated the transition from intravenous to oral medication, offering a more convenient and patient-friendly approach to drug administration. This transition, however, requires careful management to ensure that therapeutic drug levels are maintained, preserving efficacy and avoiding adverse effects. Understanding pharmacokinetic principles and dosage calculations is critical during this process.Pharmacokinetics of the...
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One-Compartment Model: IV Infusion01:09

One-Compartment Model: IV Infusion

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Intravenous (IV) infusion is often utilized when continuous and controlled drug delivery is necessary, such as during surgery or in the treatment of chronic diseases. This method offers numerous advantages, including immediate drug action, precise control over dosage, and bypassing the first-pass metabolism.
The one-compartment model for IV infusion uses mathematical equations to describe the rate of change in drug quantity in the body. At steady-state or infusion equilibrium, the drug input...
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Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

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Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
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Two-Compartment Open Model: IV Infusion01:15

Two-Compartment Open Model: IV Infusion

756
A two-compartment model is a vital tool in pharmacokinetics, providing an essential understanding of drug behavior, especially for those administered via zero-order intravenous infusion. This model outlines two compartments: the central compartment, where elimination occurs, and the peripheral compartment.
The model illustrates the decrease in plasma drug concentration from the central compartment with a specific equation. It shows that under steady-state conditions, the drug's input rate...
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Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

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Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Fixed-dose regimens can be used for various routes of administration, including intravenous (IV) injections and oral medications. For IV administration, a predetermined amount of the drug is...
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Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

419
Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

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Published on: June 11, 2012

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Infusion device standardisation and dose error reduction software.

Ioanna Iacovides, Ann Blandford, Anna Cox

    British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)
    |August 28, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Infusion device standardization is high, but centralized libraries and dose error reduction software (DERS) use remain low in the UK. This study assesses progress since a 2004 safety alert.

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    Area of Science:

    • Healthcare technology
    • Patient safety
    • Clinical engineering

    Background:

    • A 2004 National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) alert recommended standardizing infusion devices and considering centralized storage systems in England and Wales.
    • Interest in smart-pump technology, including dose error reduction software (DERS), has grown to minimize intravenous (IV) medication errors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the extent of infusion device standardization over the past decade.
    • To assess the current use of centralized equipment libraries in practice.
    • To determine the prevalence of DERS adoption within the UK.

    Main Methods:

    • A survey was conducted to gather data on infusion device standardization.
    • The survey investigated the practical implementation of centralized equipment libraries.
    • Data on the use of DERS in UK healthcare settings was collected.

    Main Results:

    • Reported levels of infusion device standardization are high across surveyed institutions.
    • The utilization of centralized equipment libraries for device management is low.
    • The adoption and use of DERS remain infrequent.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite high reported standardization, practical implementation of centralized libraries is limited.
    • Widespread adoption of DERS for reducing medication errors has not yet been achieved.
    • Further efforts are needed to increase the use of smart-pump technology and centralized systems.