An approach to acanthosis nigricans

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a skin condition characterized by dark, thickened, velvety skin.
• It typically affects symmetrical areas like the neck, axillae, and groin folds.
• Recent observations indicate a high prevalence of AN.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of Acanthosis Nigricans.
• To discuss the different varieties, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities for AN.

Main Methods:

• Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by histopathology for confirmation.
• Laboratory tests include fasting glucose, insulin, lipoprotein profile, and alanine aminotransferase for obesity-associated AN.
• Radiological investigations are used for malignancy-associated AN.

Main Results:

• AN presents with characteristic skin changes including papillomatosis and hyperkeratosis.
• Various forms of AN exist, including benign, obesity-associated, syndromic, malignant, acral, unilateral, medication-induced, and mixed types.
• Investigations guide diagnosis and management based on AN type.

Conclusions:

• Acanthosis nigricans requires clinical diagnosis, with investigations tailored to suspected subtypes.
• Treatment options for AN include retinoids and metformin.
• Understanding the diverse presentations and associations of AN is crucial for effective management.