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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface
Published on: April 17, 2015
Delayed capillary breakup of falling viscous jets
1Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan 45195-1159, Iran and Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, École Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
Abstract:
Thin jets of viscous fluid like honey falling from capillary nozzles can attain lengths exceeding 10 m before breaking up into droplets via the Rayleigh-Plateau (surface tension) instability. Using a combination of laboratory experiments and WKB analysis of the growth of shape perturbations on a jet being stretched by gravity, we determine how the jet's intact length l(b) depends on the flow rate Q, the viscosity η, and the surface tension coefficient γ. In the asymptotic limit of a high-viscosity jet, l(b)∼(gQ(2)η(4)/γ(4))(1/3), where g is the gravitational acceleration. The agreement between theory and experiment is good, except for very long jets.
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