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DVD--a conceptual, clinical, and surgical overview
Alex Christoff1, Edward L Raab2, David L Guyton1
1The Krieger Children's Eye Center at the Wilmer Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Summary
Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is a rare eye misalignment. This workshop reviews its characteristics, assessment methods, and management options for better clinical understanding and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Strabismology
- Pediatric Ophthalmology
Background:
- Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is a complex strabismus characterized by a slow, disconjugate hypertropic deviation of the nonfixating eye.
- DVD is typically bilateral and asymmetrical, frequently co-occurring with congenital esotropia, presenting challenges in accurate measurement and quantification due to its variable nature.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the characteristics and current assessment/quantification methods for dissociated vertical deviation (DVD).
- To explore potential etiologies, clinical features, and indications for surgical and nonsurgical management of DVD.
Main Methods:
- Workshop format involving expert discussion.
- Review of current literature and clinical practices related to DVD.
Main Results:
- The variability of DVD makes precise measurement and quantification difficult.
- There is no current consensus on the underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology of DVD.
Conclusions:
- Effective assessment and treatment of DVD require specific knowledge of its mechanisms and characteristics.
- Further research and consensus are needed regarding the etiology and optimal management strategies for DVD.
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