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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games
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Innovative nonsurgical treatment for central-peripheral rivalry-type diplopia.

Lindsay D Klaehn1, Tia B Bodi1, Andrea M Kramer1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota.

Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
|February 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multifocal contact lenses effectively reduced central-peripheral rivalry-type diplopia and metamorphopsia in patients with epiretinal membrane. This visual aid offers a promising, non-invasive solution for improving vision quality in maculopathy patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Optometry
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Central-peripheral rivalry-type diplopia (CPR-type) and metamorphopsia are common visual disturbances in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) and other maculopathies.
  • These conditions can significantly impair visual function and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of multifocal contact lenses in alleviating CPR-type diplopia and associated visual symptoms in patients with ERM and maculopathies.
  • To assess the impact of multifocal contact lenses on metamorphopsia and aniseikonia.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 17 adult patients with ERM or macular hole and CPR-type diplopia were enrolled.
  • A center-distance multifocal contact lens with +2.50 bifocal power was applied to the affected eye.
  • Measurements of diplopia, metamorphopsia (M-Charts, Amsler grid), and aniseikonia (Awaya test) were taken before and 30 minutes after lens application.

Main Results:

  • Diplopia improved in 59% of patients, resolving from double vision to single vision.
  • Significant subjective improvement in metamorphopsia was reported by 94% of patients (mean M-Chart score decreased from 0.46 to 0.19).
  • Improvement in Amsler grid distortion was observed in 76% of patients (mean boxes decreased from 111.8 to 38.2). Aniseikonia showed a trend towards improvement but was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • Multifocal contact lenses are a promising non-invasive treatment option for CPR-type diplopia in patients with ERM and macular hole.
  • These lenses effectively reduce metamorphopsia by functionally masking peripheral visual field distortions while preserving central visual acuity.
  • Multifocal contact lenses offer a viable alternative for improving visual function and quality of life in patients with maculopathy-related visual disturbances.