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Related Experiment Videos

On the coupling between DNA replication and mitosis.

J Newport1, M Dasso

  • 1Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093.

Journal of Cell Science. Supplement
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Xenopus embryos transition to slower cell cycles after the mid-blastula transition (MBT). This shift depends on DNA replication and nuclear accumulation, not transcription, enabling S phase arrest.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Cycle Regulation
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Early Xenopus laevis embryonic cell divisions are rapid and DNA-replication independent.
  • Somatic cell mitosis is regulated by DNA replication status and damage.
  • The mid-blastula transition (MBT) marks a shift to slower, somatic-like cell cycles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the transition from rapid early cell cycles to slower somatic-like cycles in Xenopus embryos at the MBT.
  • Determine the factors influencing cell cycle timing post-MBT.
  • Understand the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of S phase arrest.

Main Methods:

  • Treatment of Xenopus embryos with aphidicolin (DNA synthesis inhibitor) and hydroxyurea (ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Monitoring cell cycle progression and S phase arrest.
  • Utilizing an in vitro cell cycle system with varying nuclear concentrations.

    • Main Results:

    • Aphidicolin treatment allowed continued division despite incomplete replication and prevented cell cycle slowing post-MBT.
    • Hydroxyurea induced S phase arrest after division twelve due to dNTP depletion.
    • The ability to arrest in S phase was acquired before division thirteen and was transcription-independent.
    • In vitro experiments showed that increased nuclear concentration extended the cell cycle.

    Conclusions:

    • Cell cycle timing post-MBT in Xenopus embryos is linked to DNA replication status and nuclear number.
    • The mid-blastula transition involves the acquisition of S phase control mechanisms.
    • Nuclear concentration plays a role in extending cell cycle duration after the MBT.