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Current status of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection in Japan

Daisuke Sunohara1, Shigeo Nishimata1, Atsushi Kondo1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy : Official Journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy
|September 3, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Japan is rare, with mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) significantly reduced due to interventions. Current data shows a low MTCT rate and few reported pediatric HIV cases.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Limited English literature exists on pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Japan.
  • Understanding the epidemiology of pediatric HIV is crucial for targeted interventions.

Observation:

  • In Japan, HIV transmission routes include sexual activity, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), blood transfusions, and drug use.
  • Recent years have seen most pediatric HIV cases stemming from MTCT.
  • A survey indicated 52 infants were infected via MTCT between 1984 and 2011.

Findings:

  • Since 2010, only two pediatric HIV infection cases have been reported in Japan.
  • Effective preventive interventions have decreased the MTCT rate to 0.5%.
  • Over 98.3% of pregnant women in Japan undergo HIV antibody testing.

Implications:

  • The success of preventive measures highlights the potential for further reduction of pediatric HIV.
  • Continued surveillance and testing are vital for maintaining low transmission rates.
  • This study provides valuable insights into the current status of pediatric HIV in Japan for global health organizations.

Keywords:
AIDSCo-infectionMother-to-child transmissionPediatric HIV

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